Earthworms are often overlooked, but they play a vital role in maintaining healthy soil and ecosystems. These segmented worms are masters of the soil, constantly working to improve its quality.

Key Roles of Earthworms:

Soil Aeration: As earthworms burrow through the soil, they create tunnels that allow air and water to penetrate deeper, improving drainage and root growth.

Organic Matter Decomposition: Earthworms consume dead plant material, breaking it down into smaller pieces and mixing it with the soil. This process enriches the soil with nutrients and creates humus, a valuable organic matter.

Nutrient Cycling: Earthworm castings, their excrement, are rich in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are essential for plant growth.

Soil Structure Improvement: Earthworm activity helps to improve soil structure by creating a network of channels and mixing different soil layers.

Types of Earthworms:

• Anecic Earthworms: These deep-burrowing worms create permanent vertical burrows and bring organic matter from the surface into the deeper soil layers.

• Endogeic Earthworms: These worms live and feed within the soil, creating horizontal burrows and consuming soil organic matter.

• Epigeic Earthworms: These surface-dwelling worms live in leaf litter and feed on decaying plant material.